Which countries held colonies in Africa in 1914?
The late 19th and early 20th centuries were marked by the Scramble for Africa, a period when European powers rapidly colonized the continent. By 1914, the African continent was divided into numerous colonies, with various European countries asserting their dominance over different regions. This article will explore the major countries that held colonies in Africa in 1914.
1. Britain
The British Empire was the largest colonial power in Africa in 1914. It controlled a significant portion of the continent, including Egypt, Sudan, South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Gambia, and the Seychelles. The British also had protectorates in various regions, such as the Gold Coast (now Ghana) and the Cameroons.
2. France
France was another major colonial power in Africa in 1914. It controlled regions such as Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Senegal, Mali, Niger, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Madagascar, and Madagascar. The French also had protectorates in Chad, Central African Republic, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
3. Germany
Although Germany was a relatively latecomer to the colonial game, it managed to establish a few colonies in Africa by 1914. These included German South West Africa (now Namibia), Togo, and Cameroon. However, the German Empire’s colonial possessions were limited compared to its European rivals.
4. Portugal
Portugal was the only European power to have a continuous presence in Africa since the 15th century. By 1914, it controlled Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau. The Portuguese also had a presence in Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Equatorial Guinea.
5. Belgium
Belgium acquired its first African colony, the Congo Free State, in 1885. By 1914, it had expanded its holdings to include the Democratic Republic of Congo. The Belgian Congo was a significant source of wealth for the Belgian government, especially through the exploitation of rubber and ivory.
6. Italy
Italy had a limited presence in Africa by 1914, with its main colony being Libya. The Italian Empire also had a protectorate in Eritrea and a concession in Ethiopia. However, Italy’s colonial ambitions were significantly smaller compared to its European counterparts.
7. Spain
Spain had a few African colonies by 1914, including Spanish Sahara (now Western Sahara), Spanish Guinea (now Equatorial Guinea), and a few small islands off the coast of West Africa. However, Spain’s colonial possessions were the smallest among the European powers.
In conclusion, by 1914, the African continent was divided among several European powers, each with its own colonies and protectorates. The Scramble for Africa was a pivotal moment in history, setting the stage for the political and social dynamics that would shape the continent for decades to come.
